Music about fermentation

I like very much this music made by Dr. Ahern (www.davincipress.com/metabmelodies.html)... :)
It is about fermentation and is based in the famous Oh Susannah!

Here it is the link to download it:
http://www.mediafire.com/?zhbfbz91u70ca10

Oh, late last night I went to jog

when everything was still

I came upon a gravel road

a-windin’ up the hill

I don’t know why I did it but

I played a game with death

Ran up that hill in double time

And held in all my breath

Fermentation!

I need some NAD+

my cells are lackin’ oxygen

But using ATP

‘bout half way up I felt the burn

My hip down to my knee

if only I had stayed awake

In biochemistry

then I’d have had a warning, but

regrets were just too late

I stood in pain - my body was

reducing pyruvate!

Fermentation!

I need some NAD+

my cells are lackin’ oxygen

But using ATP

Well up came my professor who

was trailin’ close behind

he told me how fermenting was

a process most unkind

Oh ATP is energy

It’s keeping you alive

It’s mostly made by protons mov- ing

through the complex five

Fermentation!

I need some NAD+

my cells are lackin’ oxygen

But using ATP

In making ATP a pro- ton gradient is key

to ADP’s phosphoryla- tion, oxidatively

Electrons pass through complex four

And oxygen, you know

picks up four more electrons and

Fermentation!

I need some NAD+

my cells are lackin’ oxygen

But using ATP

I hope that you can clearly see

Exactly what I meant

That oxygen is needed for

The proton gra-di-ent

your muscles work in overdrive

And use up ATP

you might be breathin’ hard but lack sufficient energy

Fermentation!

I need some NAD+

my cells are lackin’ oxygen

But using ATP

You’re in a heap o’ trouble and

this breath may be your last

if you can’t make some ATP

and NAD+ real fast

It’s lactate dehydrogenase

To save the day, you see

Turn pyruvate to lactate and

Produce more NAD+!

Fermentation!

I need some NAD+

my cells are lackin’ oxygen

But using ATP

The NAD+’s important,

Are You gettin’ all of this?

it gets fed back into the pathway

of glycolysis”

It hit my ear, it was so clear

and all made sense to me

Although I had no oxygen

I still made ATP

Fermentation!

I need some NAD+

my cells are lackin’ oxygen

But using ATP

For all he’d done I took my prof

to sit down for a drink

admitting that his lesson earlier

had made me think

I took a swig of ale

And grinning wide, I said with glee

Oh, fermentation hurts but all in all

It’s fine by me

Fermentation!

I need some NAD+

my cells are lackin’ oxygen

But using ATPmakes double H2O

Fermentation!

Tattoo - Microscope

Video about the Krebs cycle (2)

Here it goes one more video about the Krebs cycle, this time in a karaoke version. :)

Scientific jokes (7)

Why do you should keep aboslute science in the laboratory?
To avoid that the reagents become unconcentrated.

Metabolic map on the synthesis of valine

Animation about the PCR

Today I leave here a link to download a very nice animation about the PCR.

http://www.mediafire.com/?t0905c865va068x

Cartoon about transgenics

Krebs cycle (reactions) - part 1

Reaction 1: formation of citrate
This irreversible reaction is the 1st regulatory point of the Krebs cycle. It is a reaction in which an oxaloacetate molecule reacts with acetyl-CoA. In this process it is formed a very energetic intermediate (citroil-CoA) that rapidly converts into citrate. The molecule of CoA-SH liberated is recycled to participate in a new oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex).

Reaction 2: formation of isocitrate via cis-aconitate

This reaction occurs through the formation of an intermediate, cis-aconitate, obtained by dehydration of citrate. Thereafter, the cis-aconitate is hydrated, forming isocitrate. Thus, citrate and isocitrate are isomers. Despite that in cellular conditions the reaction produces only about 10% of isocitrate, the rapid consumption of this product in the following reaction shifts the equilibrium in the forward direction. The fluoroacetate is a toxic molecule because in physiological conditions it is transformed into fluoroacetil-CoA, which condenses with oxaloacetate to form fluorocitrate, that inhibits aconitase, causing accumulation of citrate.

Reaction 3: oxidation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate and CO2This reaction is an example of an irreversible oxidative decarboxylation, and it is the 2nd regulatory point in the Krebs cycle. In fact, this reaction is a set of three different reactions:
1. Dehydrogenation of isocitrate, creating oxalosuccinate and producing NADH.
2. Binding of Mn2+ to the carbonyl group of oxalosuccinate, stabilizing the enol and promoting the release of CO2.
3. Hydrogenation, with the arrangement of the resonance hybrid.

Reaction 4: Oxidation of α-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO2This reaction, like the previous one, is another example of an irreversible oxidative decarboxylation. It is the 3rd (and the last one!) regulatory point of the Krebs cycle. This reaction is virtually identical to the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, also leading to the formation of NADH. It is a very exergonic reaction due to the energy stored in the bond S-CoA.

Main bibliographic sources:

- Quintas A, Freire AP, Halpern MJ, Bioquímica - Organização Molecular da Vida, Lidel

- Nelson DL, Cox MM, Lehninger - Principles of Biochemistry, WH Freeman Publishers