The peptide
bond is a covalent bond established between two amino acids. But it is not a whatsoever
bond... it is a bond that involves the a-amine group of an amino acid and an a-carboxyl group of another amino
acid. The term peptide bond is sometimes used generically, when any amino group
of one amino acid reacts with a (any!) carboxyl group of another amino acid,
and this general use is shrouded in some controversy. In fact, some consider
that only when the functional groups involved in the bond are linked to an a carbon, the bond should be called
peptide, whereas when the functional groups are in different locations in the
corresponding amino acids, the bond should no longer receive this name. I
personally also agree that only in the first case it is a peptide bond.
The
formation of a peptide bond is an example of a condensation reaction, which
releases a water molecule. Therefore, one of the amino acids involved in the
reaction will release O and H and the other will release H. Thus, since in the
final product, each of the two amino acids will not have exactly the same
composition which had initially, they should be called amino acid residues. The
peptide bond formation requires energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis, and that
is why protein synthesis is expensive from an energy point of view. The reverse
reaction (cleavage of the peptide bond) is a hydrolysis reaction and releases
energy.
The peptide
bond is an amide bond (not amine as often incorrectly named!). From a
structural point of view, it is a planar bond, that means, all atoms are located
in the same plane.
Indeed, the bond is not a single bond, but it is a partially
double bond, since electronic delocalization exists between the nitrogen and
the oxygen. As a result, the peptide bonds are confer local structural rigidity
in the molecules that have them since they are not single bonds, and thus do
not suffer rotation. Therefore, they do not allow conformational changes in that
location. As happens with the double bonds, peptide bonds can exist in two
different isomeric forms: cis and trans.
Thanks you for sharing such helpful information on peptide bond. Research purposes peptides are also very useful for the researcher so, they should know the biochemistry behind it.
ReplyDeleteHi Adam,
Deletethank you for your kind comment. You are absolutely true, only knowing the biochemistry behind peptides (and many other molecules) we will be able to make important achievements in research. :)
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